Management of central retinal artery occlusion following successful hyperbaric oxygen therapy: case report

Objective: This case report presents a patient with central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) who was successfully treated with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) but subsequently suffered a recurrence of his visual loss.

Methods: CRAO may be treated successfully with HBO2  if treatment is undertaken promptly after the onset of vision loss. The goal ofHBO2 therapy is to oxygenate the ischemic inner retinal layers via diffusion from the hyperoxygenated choroidal circulation until recanalization of the central retinal artery occurs.

Results: A 71-year-old man presented with hand motion vision and fundus findings of CRAO in his left eye. Treatment with HBO2 was initiated approximately 9.5 hours after loss of vision. The patient experienced return of vision to a near-normal level during HBO2. His vision loss recurred, however, 15 minutes after the HBO2 session. There was a delay to follow-up HBO2 treatments, and the improvement of vision that resulted from these subsequent HBO2 sessions was much less than that experienced during his initial HBO2 treatment.

Conclusions: Recovery of vision during initial HBO2 treatment indicated that this patient’s retina had not yet suffered irreversible ischemic damage at that point in time. CRAO patients with a good result from initial HBO2 treatment should be admitted to a stroke center and should have their visual status monitored hourly. Should vision loss recur, ag- gressive use of intermittent 100% normobaric and hyperbaric oxygen is indicated to preserve retinal function until central retinal artery recanalization occurs. An evidence-based management plan for such patients is presented.

DOI: 10.22462/01.02.2018.14