Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Comprehensive Structure Review New!

Abstract:

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy has sparked increasing attention as a potential therapeutic intervention for traumatic brain injury (TBI), but the variability in findings necessitates a comprehensive analysis of recent literature. This review aims to evaluate the latest empirical evidence on the effectiveness of HBO2 therapy in treating TBI, focusing on its impact on neurological recovery, cognitive functions, and physiological markers. To achieve this, we extensively searched scholarly articles from reputable databases such as Scopus and Web of Science (WoS), focusing on studies published between 2015 and 2024—the study flow based on the PRISMA framework. The final dataset was limited to 74 (n=74) and was analyzed using both quantitative method (descriptive statistics) and qualitative techniques (thematic analysis). The findings were divided into three themes: (1) clinical efficacy of HBO2 therapy for TBI, (2) mechanisms of action and biological pathways in HBO2 therapy, and (3) evolving therapeutic applications of HBO2 in TBI. Results indicated mixed outcomes; while some studies reported significant cognitive, physiological, and clinical improvements, others raised concerns about methodological variability and limited reproducibility. Mechanistic studies highlighted HBO2's role in modulating pathways such as TLR4/NF-κB and VEGF/ERK, facilitating neuroprotection, angiogenesis, and synaptogenesis. Emerging therapies combining HBO2 with regenerative approaches, such as stem cell treatments, showed promise in enhancing recovery.  In conclusion, HBO₂ therapy demonstrates clinical efficacy in improving memory, executive function, and neuroprotection, particularly in post-concussive symptoms. Mechanistic studies highlight its role in reducing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress while promoting neurogenesis and angiogenesis. However, standardized protocols and long-term follow-up are needed to confirm its full therapeutic potential in TBI management.

Keywords: hyperbaric oxygen therapy; HBO₂ THERAPY; hyperbaric research; traumatic brain injury; trauma